Political Parties and Platforms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1974 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Political Parties Essay Did you like this example? Political parties are a major part of American politics. These parties consist of a group of people who share the same views and seek to control the government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office. They also have a significant influence on America’s moral beliefs and choices. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Political Parties and Platforms" essay for you Create order Every day you hear and see new debates based on the conflicts between these parties. Whether you voted for a certain presidential candidate, the passing of a law or even just a city council member, the decision is inevitably influenced by political parties. The two main parties in the United States are the Republicans and the Democrats. These parties are known for having majorly opposing views; the Republicans are conservative and tend to lean to the far right while the Democrats are very liberal and lean to the left. Sitting in the middle, there are other lesser known parties such as the Green Party of the United States, the Libertarian Party, the Prohibition party, the Justice Party, the Socialist Labor Party, and the Communist Party USA. All these minor parties have little to no influence on American politics, but they still exist to represent the people who do not fit into the category of Republican or Democrat. The Republican versus Democrat conflict has been going on for a very long time. Both parties represent opposing philosophies and ideals, and it’s no surprise that they have historically never been able to fully reach a consensus. The Republican party or the GOP (Grand Old Party) began as a party that supported Thomas Jefferson, who had wanted a decentralized government with limited powers back in 1792. Since then, the party has grown and changed into something quite different from the way it once was. Today, the Republican party is all for states rights and it opposes federal regulation of issues that have been traditionally handled by them. On the other hand, government control on private, noneconomic issues such as abortion, gay marriage, and gun control are things that this party has publicly supported. (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica) The Republican party is now considered by the media and the American people to be the epitome of conservative ideals. The Democratic party formed back when the United States of America was at its humble beginning and is the oldest political party in the US. Ironically, the ideas the party was founded on are exactly what it opposes today. Back in the 1900s, the party was all for slavery and opposed the civil rights movement. Today, it supports the rights of minorities, organized labor, and progressive reform. In contrast to its rival party, the Democrats support government regulation on the economy but oppose it when it concerns the private affairs of citizens. (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica) For this reason, the Democrats have been seen as the ones who stand for liberalism in every sense. They tend to appeal more to the younger audience because they are not based solely off of tradition and have continued to evolve as the country has. A huge example of this is the election of democrat, Barack Obama, as president in 2008. He became the first African American president of the US and gave hope to minorities everywhere. 8 years later, in 2016, there was another election that would once again cause a shift in American politics. Donald J. Trump, a Republican, but also a billionaire TV personality was elected president. While Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton won the popular vote, Donald Trump’s victory came from the electoral college. While the Republicans rejoiced, the Democrats and other parties wondered what was next for the country. President Trump would become the first president without any prior political experience. So how did he win? In the beginning, no one thought it was possible that Donald Trump would win the election. Everyone took him as a joke. On the other hand, Hillary becoming the first female president seemed just as ridiculous. The two parties had to find a way to push their agenda, and effectively win the favor of the American people. The Democrats focused on issues such as raising workers wages, expanding social security, creating good-paying clean energy jobs, ending systematic racism, protecting voting rights, preventing gun violence and advocating for the rights of the LGBTQ community. The Republican party made promises to rebuild the economy, free financial markets, reduce the federal debt, protect the right to bear arms, encourage environmental progress and push immigration reform. (2016 Democratic Party Platform and 2016 Republican Party Platform) While these platforms were used in various ways, others were in direct competition with the ideals of the other party. For example, the democratic party openly supported same-sex marriage as well as the inclusion and representation of LGBTQ citizens inside and outside of the workplace. They also specified that they would protect transgender people from the violence they are experiencing based on their personal choices. (Siddiqui and Jacobs) These promises were an effort to gain the support of the LGBTQ community. The Republicans had the complete opposite viewpoint; their platform was based on the concept of natural marriage, discrimination, and they even went as far as supporting conversion therapy, which is the controversial practice of trying to make LGBTQ people heterosexual. (Siddiqui and Jacobs) This was one of the major issues that split America down the middle, and it became between those who were more secular in their beliefs versus those who were adamantly religious. Another example is the rapid changes occurring in the environment, and how each party addressed fixing them. The Republicans d ecided to simply just praise coal as an â€Å"abundant, clean, affordable, reliable domestic energy resource.† (Siddiqui and Jacobs) However, the Democrats went way more in depth by expressing their ideas and plans for fighting climate change and encouraging clean energy policies. The Democrats seemed to take the issue much more seriously and planned to continue the work of the Obama administration to lessen the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. (Siddiqui and Jacobs)Since 9/11, terrorism has been another issue that has weighed heavily on the hearts of the American people. Terrorist groups like ISIS and al-Qaeda have been a major cause for concern, and both parties realized that. The democrats mainly promised to â€Å"dismantle the global network of terror† by improving their intelligence capabilities, hardening Americas defenses and seeking an updated Authorization for Use of Military force. They also directly slammed Donald Trump’s slander of Muslims by saying it violates the first amendment right to religious freedom and gives ISIS more power. When it comes to immigration, the Democrats again promised to protect immigrants from the effects of electing a candidate like Donald Trump who may tear apart families to achieve his goals. They also want to fix the immigration system but without the devastating effects of uprooting those already in the countries. (Democratic National Convention)Republicans took a slightly different approach, relating terrorism back to the issue of immigration. While the party is said to stand by the victims of terrorism, they believe that the broken immigration system is what needs immediate attention. This is why the y support the building of a wall along the southern border of the US. This way, less undocumented immigrants that could possibly pose a threat would be able to make their way into the US. In the Republican Platform for 2016 it states â€Å"To keep our people safe, we must secure our borders, enforce our immigration laws, and properly screen refugees and other immigrants entering from any country. In particular, we must apply special scrutiny to those foreign nationals seeking to enter the United States from terror-sponsoring countries or from regions associated with Islamic terrorism.† (Republican Platform 2016) This is the plan the now president Donald Trump has continuously tried to push through. All these platforms and issues continued to remain relevant as the country faced the 2018 midterm elections. America was on the edge of its seat as election day drew near, and people from politicians to celebrities were encouraging the nation to cast their vote. Two years into President Trump’s presidency, influencers wanted to make sure to let the public know that their voice could be heard over his fiery comments. The Republicans and Democrats also began to gear up for the election. Though the Republicans had controlled both the House and the Senate, there was now an opportunity for the Democrats to take back the house, and they were determined to do so. Healthcare, the Supreme Court, the economy and women’s rights. These are the issues that weighed heavily on the minds of the American people. When it came to healthcare, the parties were mainly focusing on a past decision with the name of the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare. The Democrats would do anything in their p ower to keep it, while the Republicans had been working non-stop to get rid of it. In correspondence to this, 51% of people said that the Democrats would do a better job dealing with healthcare while only 35% said the Republicans would. Also, according to a political ad tracking firm, Democrats had spent 125 million on ads focused on healthcare while the Republicans had only spent 50 million. (Al Jazeera) Overall, the Democrats seemed to believe that salvaging their former presidents policy would push voters in their direction. Next, the United States Supreme Court is supposed to represent justice and morality. But what happens when an appointee doesn’t fit the criteria? Brett Kavanaugh was President Trump’s choice to fill the role of Supreme Court Justice until controversy sparked over sexual assault claims. This should’ve ended all chances of him being appointed but things proceeded to take an interesting turn. In the end, Kavanaugh was still appointed and it looked like the results could send voters either way. Though the court was moved further right, the public may have been moved further left. This made the Trump administration and the Republican party look ignorant and insensitive.Ironically, the President himself is also known for his derogatory comments towards women, and that could also have hurt the Republican campaign. The President and the Republicans also no longer wanted to fund planned parenthood and are known for being pro-life. These were all hits towards women’s independence and ability to control their own fate. Fortunately for him, the improved state of the economy would definitely help him offset the damage. Unemployment was at a record low (3.7%) thanks to his new policies. (Al Jazeera) Other aspects of the economy such as the stock market had been experiencing positive growth as well, and though it started with the Obama administration, the President and the Rep ublicans took it to new heights and I believe that the voters did acknowledge that. In the end, the Democrats did succeed in taking back the house. They needed to fill 218 seats and ended up with 235. (The Associated Press) I believe this was a direct result of people’s concerns about healthcare, the supreme court, and women’s rights. I also believe the push to vote was much stronger in this midterm election than ever and this result proved that every vote really does matter. The Republican’s also had a victory, managing to stay in control of the Senate and keep control of states like Texas. While many factors could be considered in trying to explain and analyze these results, I think the most important question to ask is what happens now? Congress is split right down the middle and so is the country. The two parties now have more of an equal playing field despite a right-wing president in office. America may face an even harder time getting decisions through all the branches or getting anything done at all. The political parties of the United States will continue to go head to head on every problem until the next election comes to pass.

Business Ethics and the Chinese Market Essay - 2925 Words

I believe that standard business ethics cannot be possible internationally. Culture varies from society to society. The change in culture varies due to various reasons it depends on economic and legal factors. Political and legal factors play a vital role and that differentiate from one culture to another that is why I believe that business ethics can never be universal. Considering the example of China where government put a check on online information. Google has a big concern over the Chinese market because many web pages were blocked within that region. Culture also have great influence in emerging economies as it can be observed that in many countries offering expensive gifts in corporate world is consider as bribe especially in†¦show more content†¦For instance, Google faced many challenges when they entered in China they had a strong control over the functioning of the corporation. They can surpass any government policy where they find it necessary. However, the legal system of the body should have strong rules and laws that foreign companies cannot attempt to bypass and there should be strict actions and penalty against those companies who attempt for illegal or false practice within the corporate world. The corporation should set examples that fulfils ethical, environmental and community friendly practices. They should encourage other companies to help and encourage and to provide healthy environment with the different group of society. Through these rules and laws, implementing will help community as well as the corporation to make a better image within the people of the society. Corporation is refer as the socio-political organization of a society, which comprise of major corporate groups, ethnic, military, language and agricultural groups. Corporation theoretically related to the interpretation of a community as an organic body. Recent event in Tibet have made Chinese policies intensified, which highlighted the disputes over legal status. China claims that Tibet is an integral part of their country. While, Tibetan government claimed to be the independent state as an unlawful occupation. This controversy opened the discussion within international politics, which questioned the GenevaShow MoreRelatedMoral Aspects Of Business Ethics989 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Aspects of Business Business Ethics: The buying, selling and trading of goods are practices that have existed from the dawn of creation and will most likely continue until extinction. These customs are comparable to many other necessary established applications and practices. Take for example the complexities of Republics, in theory this form of government is intended to empower the citizens of a nation rather than a single ruler. Its purpose is to promote equality and justice across the nationRead MoreSocial And Ecological Responsibility Of Business1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Business ethics in global economic can simply define in terms of social and ecological responsibility of business. According to these definitions, business ethics requires that business decisions should not focused on some of the socioeconomic and cultural of the decision, but also counterproductive in certain socioeconomic. This means that people who work in the business world should consider how their economic decisions affect others people, society, and even the environment.Read MoreBusiness Ethics and Rules Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation for a business. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context.† (p25) From the lecture, we know that ethics matters because â€Å"how organizations behave have important implications for how they fulfill their social and economic roles† and â€Å"their success as well as the success of their employees, customers, etc.† Thus, running a business ethically is good for business. Applying Solomon’s three C’s of business ethics and the eightRead MoreBusiness Ethics Of International Business : Culture, Consumers And Employees1152 Words   |  5 PagesINB385 International Business Date: October 11, 2015 Response to Ethical Challenges in International Business: Culture, Consumers and Employees Introduction General business ethics applies in the case of international business. However, international business ethics poses a particularly different difficulty- from domestic business- as a result of the scope of diversity that managers have to deal with: cultural, economic and legal, etc. Although the contents of business ethics are to an extent informedRead MoreCorporate Business Behavior in Germany1252 Words   |  6 Pagesand ethics in history, and how they could be swayed by one individual. They systematically set their morals aside and allowed one man to dictate the country’s ethical stand. They were subsequently able to recover and even improve what had been so easily given away. When it comes to current ethics in German businesses, they are becoming more and more influenced by American business and international trade. While Germany had, in the past, been recognized as a model for personal and business ethicsRead MoreThe Between British And Chinese Waste Management Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pageshost nation laws and regulations, the laws and regulations of its market countries, and its desired Code of Ethics of both its employees and leadership. By implicating that a company’s responsibility has borders or boundaries is a true statement because there may not be reciprocity between nation’s regulations. This does not mean that it exonerates the company from honoring the host nation laws. Host nation laws dictate how the business can create, build, and distribute its products locally and acrossRead MoreEssay about Individual Assignment1696 Words   |  7 Pagespublic’s awareness of sustainability promoted the emergency and growth of renewable energy power (e.g. solar PV generated power). Traditionally, SolarWorld US is the dominant player in solar industry in America. However, with the entry of Chinese companies, SolarWorld’s market share has been reduced to a great extent, leading a financial difficulty recently. SolarWorld US needs a strategic change to survive. Based on the SolarWorld USA case study, this report will briefly analyze the solar power industryRead MoreRole of Ethics in Financial, Environmental, and Cultural Issues: Case Study of China, Jamaica, and America984 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Ethics Case Study Given the current pressures on China, Jamaica, and America expressed in the article, one would anticipate that ethics would play different roles in the financial, environmental, and cultural issues for each of the three countries. However, in the case study, it does not appear that the people from the three different countries really take different approaches to most ethical scenarios. In fact, the decisions made by people in all three countries were very similarRead MoreCross Cultural Consumer Behavior: An International Perceptive in Consumer Behavior1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior in the international market place. This study will evaluate the consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. Consumer behavior as it related to emotional and cognitive consumer reactions. Cross cultural differences as they are related to emotional responses, attitude, behavior, the impact and the response in the international market place. How domestic products and their branding is viewed and t he effects of product branding in the international market place (Kim, 2013). InvestigatingRead MoreThe Influence of Confucianism on Chinese Culture Essays1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Confucian Culture on Chinese Culture Introduction Confucian culture, also known as Confucianism, was founded by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, which was developed gradually after the Han Dynasty with benevolence as the core. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was the official ideology and the basis of mainstream ideology in the vast majority of historical periods of China, and it also influenced many southeast Asian countries in history. After a variety of shocks

Reading Comprehension Assessment and Lessons

The ability to read is one of the most powerful tools teachers and parents can give students. Literacy is strongly correlated with future economic  and professional success. Illiteracy, on the other hand, exacts a steep price.  The National Center for Education Statistics notes that 43 percent  of adults with the lowest reading levels live in poverty, and according to the National Institute for Literacy, 70  percent of people on welfare have extremely low literacy. Furthermore, 72  percent of children of parents with low literacy will themselves have low literacy, and are more likely  to perform poorly in school and drop out.   Early and elementary education offers  a key opportunity to break this cycle of economic hardship. And while the mechanics of reading and writing are essential building blocks, reading comprehension allows students to move beyond decoding and into understanding and enjoyment. Understanding Reading Comprehension The easiest way to explain reading comprehension is to put a reader in the position of someone who is deciphering letters and words rather than comprehending (attaching meaning to) them. Try reading this: Fà ¦der ureà °u à °e eart on heofenumsi à °in nama gehalgodto-becume à °in ricegeweorà ¾e à °in willa on eorà °an swa swa on heofenum.Urne ge dà ¦ghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deagand forgyf us ure gyltasswa swa we forgifaà ¾ urum gyltendumane ne gelà ¦de à °u us on costnungeac alys us of yfle. Using your knowledge base of phonetic sounds, you might be able to â€Å"read† the text, but you would not understand what you’d just read. You most certainly would not recognize it as The Lord’s Prayer. What about the following sentence? Fox grape grey shoe on land title base. You may know each word and its meaning, but that doesnt give the sentence meaning. Reading comprehension involves three distinct components: processing text (sounding out the syllables to decode the words), understanding what was read, and making connections between the text and what you already know. Vocabulary Knowledge vs. Text Comprehension Vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension are two vital elements of reading comprehension. Vocabulary knowledge refers to understanding individual words. If a reader doesn’t understand the words he is reading, he won’t understand the text as a whole. Because vocabulary knowledge is essential to reading comprehension, children should  be exposed to a rich vocabulary and should always be learning new words. Parents and teachers can help by defining potentially unfamiliar words that students will encounter in texts and teaching students to use contextual clues to understand the meaning of new words. Text comprehension builds on vocabulary knowledge by allowing the reader to combine the meanings of the individual words to understand the overall text. If you’ve ever read a complicated legal document, a challenging book, or the previous example of a nonsensical sentence, you can understand the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. Understanding the meaning of most of the words does not necessarily translate into understanding the text as a whole. Text comprehension relies on the reader making connections with what hes reading. Reading Comprehension Example Most standardized tests include sections that assess reading comprehension. These assessments focus on identifying the main idea of a passage, understanding vocabulary in context, making inferences, and identifying the author’s purpose. A student might read a passage such as the following about dolphins. Dolphins are aquatic mammals (not fish) well-known for their intellect, gregarious nature, and acrobatic abilities. Like other mammals, they are warm-blooded, give birth to live young, feed their babies milk, and breathe air through their lungs. Dolphins have a streamlined body, a pronounced beak, and a blowhole. They swim by moving their tail up and down to propel themselves forward.A female dolphin is called a cow, a male is a bull, and the babies are calves. Dolphins are carnivores that eat marine life such as fish and squid. They have great eyesight and use this along with echolocation to move about in the ocean and locate and identify objects around them.Dolphins communicate with clicks and whistles. They develop their own personal whistle, which is distinct from other dolphins. Mother dolphins whistle to their babies frequently after birth so that the calves learn to recognize their mothers whistle. After reading the passage, students are asked to answer questions based on what they read to demonstrate their understanding of the passage. Young students might be expected to understand from the text that dolphins are mammals that live in the ocean. They eat fish and communicate with clicks and whistles. Older students might be asked to apply information gleaned from the passage to facts they already know. They could be asked to infer the meaning of the term carnivore from the text, identify what dolphins and cattle have in common (being identified as a cow, bull, or calf) or how a dolphin’s whistle is similar to a human fingerprint (each is distinct to the individual). Methods of Assessing Reading Comprehension There are several ways to evaluate a student’s reading comprehension skills. One method is to use a formal assessment, like the example above,  with reading passages followed by questions about the passage. Another method is to use informal assessments. Ask students to tell you about what they read or retell the story or event in their own words. Put students in discussion groups and listen to what they have to say about the book,  watching for areas of confusion and  students who are not participating. Ask students for a written response to the text, such as journaling, identifying their favorite scene, or listing the top 3 to 5 facts they learned from the text. Signs That a Student Is Not Able to Comprehend What Hes Reading One indicator that a student is struggling with reading comprehension is difficulty reading aloud. If a student struggles to recognize or sound out words when he’s reading orally, he’s likely encountering the same struggles when reading silently. Weak vocabulary is another indicator of poor reading comprehension. This is because students who struggle with text comprehension may have difficulting learning and incorporating new vocabulary. Finally, poor spelling and weak writing skills may be a signal that a student isn’t able to comprehend what he’s reading. Difficulty spelling may indicate problems remembering letter sounds, which means that the student is likely also having trouble processing text. How to Teach Effective Reading Comprehension It might seem as though reading comprehension skills develop naturally, but that’s because students gradually begin to internalize the techniques. Effective reading comprehension skills must be taught, but it’s not difficult to do. There are simple strategies to improve reading comprehension that parents and teachers can employ. The most important step is to ask questions before, during, and after reading. Ask students what they think the story is going to be about based on the title or cover. As you’re reading, ask students to summarize what they’ve read so far or predict what they think will happen next. After reading, ask students to summarize the story, identify the main idea, or highlight the most important facts or events. Next, help children make connections between what they’ve read and their experiences. Ask them what they would have done if they had been in the main character’s situation or if they’ve had a similar experience. Consider reading challenging texts aloud. Ideally, students will have their own copy of the book so that they can follow along. Reading aloud models good reading techniques and allows students to hear new vocabulary in context without disrupting the flow of the story. How Students Can Improve Reading Comprehension Skills There are also steps that students can take to improve their reading comprehension skills. The first, most basic step is to improve overall reading skills. Help students select books about topics that interest them and encourage them to  read at least 20 minutes each day. It’s okay if they want to start with books below their reading level. Doing so can help students focus on what they’re reading, rather than on decoding more challenging text, and improve their confidence. Next, encourage students to stop every so often and summarize what they’ve read, either mentally or aloud with a reading buddy. They may want to make notes or use a graphic organizer to  record their thoughts. Remind students to get  an overview of what they’ll be reading by first reading chapter titles and subheadings. Conversely, students can also benefit from skimming over the material after they’ve read it. Students should also take steps to improve their vocabulary. One way to do so without disrupting the flow of reading is to jot down unfamiliar words and look them up after they’ve finished their reading time.

Argumentative Essay - 822 Words

Argumentative Essay The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, and hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others. The art of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire. Many people might think that if one simply has an opinion, one can argue it successfully, and these folks are always surprised when others dont agree with them because their logic seems so correct. Argumentative writing is the act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true. It clearly†¦show more content†¦Inductive logic arrives at likely conclusions by counting up evidence, while deductive logic arrives at necessary conclusions by examining the logical meanings of statements. According to Purdue University English Profession Neil Gill, deductive a rguments can be grouped into two categories: A Rogerian argument considers several viewpoints and selects the best one, whereas a Toulmin argument presents a single, linear argument (i.e., A therefore B) in support of a position. Fallacious †¢ Fallacious arguments are logical-seeming arguments that are not valid. Unlike logical arguments, fallacious arguments do not arrive at valid conclusions or inferences. There are literally dozens of fallacious arguments you can commit; a fallacious argument style is one that commits one or more fallacies frequently. For example, if a person in an argument persistently says, the economy went up this year, therefore the party in power caused the economy to improve, that person is engaging in the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy, an invalid argument of the form x happened, y happened, therefore x caused y. Social Argumentation Styles †¢ Argumentation can be looked at in terms of the way the interlocutors perceive each other. According to the textbook PerspectivesShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Pointless Argument912 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Essays: The Pointless Argument Her baggy eyes struggle to stay open as she types each dreaded letter. She has not slept and the sun comes out to tell her that she cannot anyways. Class starts in an hour and her morning routine takes half of that time that she should use to finish her work. It takes her ten minutes to walk to class but she is running on no sleep; she needs twenty minutes to make it there on time. That gives her ten minutes to complete her argumentative essay for CollegeRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing An Argumentative Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesthey become long lasting skills. Writing an argumentative is not an easy task there is a lot of elements that have to come together to create a successful essay but as many other things, it requires constant practice and effort. At the start of this course I wasn’t a very good writer myself, and I can see the huge improvement this course made by looking at my first argumentative essay. I was able to identify and apply the requisites of a good a rgument essay. A well thought structure, reliable evidenceRead MoreWriting An Argumentative Essay - Writing801 Words   |  4 Pagesin fact a great deal to writing. Throughout my lifetime I have had to write numerous amounts of essays and papers for various subjects, all requiring different styles and techniques. Before engulfing myself into the writing process I would try and think of whom I am writing to and what I am writing about. I always just assumed I was writing for my audience, that being my teacher. Writing an argumentative research paper is something I had yet to accomplish in my college career. Not only was it thoughtRead MoreArgumentative Essay : My Writing Experience908 Words   |  4 Pagesone I had in the fall semester. During the fall semester I struggled deeply with essays, making no higher than a C at times. I was a new incoming freshmen with no experience in college once at all and by coming from a school that never really required me to write any type of essay s I was sure to have a rough start. Yet, this semester was different I felt more confident while writing my papers. Argumentative type essays are actually pretty fun to write because you are able to pick the topic of yourRead MoreArgumentative: Bibliography and Additional Information Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesThis material set-off in this fashion in the handout identifies the revision notation for these matters. Guidelines for the Argumentative/Persuasive Essay Citing Sources You are not to employ footnotes or endnotes in your essay. Rather, when you employ anothers ideas or quote from a source in your essay, please employ the Modern Language Association, MLA, format for in-text citations; the format is set forth in Keys, p. 144 et seq. Quoting, Citing, and Referencing Source Material Read MoreArgumentative Essay - Argumentative Research1428 Words   |  6 PagesSherry Lodwig WR 122 March 13th, 2017 Argumentative Research Essay What comes to mind when someone mentions global warming? I bet it isn’t how we can control it or how we go about fixing it to make a better life for not only us but for our children. Feeling guilty and concerned are a normal reaction to the global warming issues, but not caring is another really concerning fact in its self. I’m not saying that you must be full blown outRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Argumentative Synthesis2113 Words   |  9 PagesArgumentative Synthesis Education can be defined by how we as humans learn to interact with one another as well as obtaining the skills and perspectives needed to reach our full potential later in life. While education may seem straight forward, there are many ideas as to how it should be successfully presented. The authors, Pratt, Rodriguez, and Freire, all share my belief that educational freedom is vital to a positive classroom experience. Throughout this essay, I will be using their ideas toRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Argumentative Synthesis1734 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Amos Nordmeyer Ms. Allen 11/20/15 Essay #4: Argumentative Synthesis As we begin the 21st century, the preservation and concern with our world environment becomes more of a highlighted issue. Authors such as Michael Pollan in his article â€Å"Escape from the Western Diet†, and Jonathan Safran Foer who wrote â€Å"Against Meat† both mention in their essays the negative impact fast food has created on our environment due to the method of factory farming. Foer quotes using reports from the Food and AgricultureRead MoreArgumentative Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages| Breastfeeding is better for your baby | Argumentative Essay | | | Islas, R. Argumentative essay Among the many decision a woman faces when she is pregnant, is whether or not she will breastfeed her child. In our society and in this day and age, this has become a matter of choice as opposed to long ago where formula was nonexistent and the only means of nurturing your baby was to breastfeed. Many women are oblivious to the health risks their baby may endure having not being breastfedRead MoreArgumentative Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Argumentative Essay Braden Rawson Social Networking or the use of specific websites or applications to interact with other users is one of the many key and driving factors today in our world. We find ourselves lost for many minutes or possibly hours at a time on any particular app or website. Looking deeper into the issue of social networking and its impact on our life, I highly doubt we have accomplished anything at all. A very smart man once said, â€Å"Time is money.† If that quote is true do we

Role of Youth in Environment Protection Free Essays

CHAPTER 20 – WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT I. II. III. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Youth in Environment Protection or any similar topic only for you Order Now IV. Introduction Progress, 1996-2000 Prospects, 2001-2005 Conclusion LIST OF TABLES Table 20-1 Table 20-2 Table 20-3 Table 20-4 Employment Distribution By Gender Within Sectors, 1995 And 2000 Employment Distribution By Sector And Gender,1995 And 2000 Employment Distribution By Occupation And Gender, 1995 And 2000 RD Personnel By Gender And Qualification, 1998 Chapter Chapter 20 Women and Development Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl 8 an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 556 20 I. WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION 20. 01 Women constitute an important pool of resource that can be mobilized to achieve the national development agenda. Through the continuous efforts of the Government in providing an enabling environment during the Seventh Plan period, women continued to participate in and contribute towards the social and economic development of the country. 20. 02 During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to be undertaken to enhance the role, position and status of women to ensure their participation as equal partners in national development. Women will be provided with the skills and knowledge to cope with the challenges of globalization and fulfil the needs of the knowledge-based economy. II. PROGRESS, 1996-2000 20. 03 During the Seventh Plan period, women continued to make significant contributions in various fields of national development through greater participation in the economy. This was made possible through the further operationalization of the National Policy for Women and its Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women, which included the implementation of gender-sensitive and awareness training programmes. In addition, the removal of legal and institutional constraints that inhibited the participation of women in the development process further facilitated the involvement of women. Population, Labour Force and Employment 20. 04 Based on the 2000 Population Census, about 48. 9 per cent or 11. 4 million of the total population were women. The age-structure of the female Chapter 20 557 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma population was similar to that of the male, with 52. 4 per cent of the female population in the age-group 24 years and below. The Census also revealed that due to the improved female life expectancy, the proportion of the female population in the 65 to 74 years age-group increased from 3. 0 per cent in 1991 to 4. 3 per cent in 2000. 20. 05 Although 48 per cent of women were in the working age population of 15-64 years, they only accounted for a third of the labour force. Female labour force participation registered an increase, from 43. 5 per cent in 1995 to 45. 8 per cent in 1997, but declined to 44 per cent in 1998 due to the economic downturn. With the economic recovery, this rate subsequently increased to 44. per cent in 2000. 20. 06 Female employment in the mining and quarrying sector experienced the largest decline of 4. 9 per cent, between 1995 and 2000, followed by the agriculture, forestry, livestock and fishing sector, which recorded a decline of 1. 8 per cent during the same period, as shown in Table 20-1. Various efforts were undertaken to assist these women to re-enter the job market, including the implementation of training programmes to encourage them to venture into small businesses as well as retraining, and the identification and placement of these women in alternative jobs. 0. 07 Overall, the manufacturing sector absorbed the largest share of employed women accounting for 27. 3 per cent in 2000, consistent with the expanding opportunities in the sector. Another sector that recorded high female employment is the wholesale and retail trade, hotel and restaurants, as shown in Table 20-2. 20. 08 Improvements were recorded in the occupational structure, with more women moving into higher-paying occupations during the Plan period. The proportion of women in the professional and technical category increased from 12. 7 per cent in 1995 to 13. per cent in 2000, while the proportion of women in the administrative and managerial category recorded an increase of 0. 4 per cent during the same period, as shown in Table 20-3. The share of women employed as agriculture workers decl ined from 16. 6 per cent in 1995 to 14. 8 per cent in 2000, consistent with the overall decline in total employment in the sector. Women were mainly employed as production and related workers, which accounted for 22. 6 per cent of total female employment in 2000. 558 TABLE 20-1 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY GENDER WITHIN SECTORS, 1995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000 Sector Male Female Male Female Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Fishing 71. 4 28. 6 73. 2 26. 8 Mining Quarrying 82. 1 17. 9 87. 0 13. 0 Manufacturing 57. 2 42. 8 58. 9 41. 1 Construction 93. 5 6. 5 94. 0 6. 0 Electricity, Gas Water 90. 4 9. 6 90. 5 9. 5 Transport, Storage Communications 87. 9 12. 1 86. 9 13. 1 Wholesale Retail Trade, Hotel Restaurants 61. 3 38. 7 60. 7 39. 3 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business Services 60. 1 39. 9 60. 1 39. 9 Other Services 60. 0 40. 0 54. 7 45. 3 66. 1 33. 9 65. 5 34. 5 Total TABLE 20-2 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY SECTOR AND GENDER, 995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000 Sector Male Female Male Female 21. 6 16. 9 20. 2 14. 1 0. 5 0. 2 0. 4 0. 1 Manufacturing 20. 2 29. 4 20. 6 27. 3 Construction 11. 3 1. 5 12. 1 1. 5 0. 9 0. 2 0. 7 0. 1 Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock Fishing Mining Quarrying Electricity, Gas Water Transport, Storage Communications 6. 2 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business Services 1. 7 6. 1 1. 7 16. 6 Wholesale Retail Tra de, Hotel Restaurants 20. 5 18. 1 22. 3 4. 5 5. 7 17. 2 27. 1 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Chapter 20 559 5. 6 24. 0 100. 0 Total 4. 3 18. 4 Other Services Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma TABLE 20-3 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPATION AND GENDER, 1995 AND 2000 (%) 1995 2000 Occupation Category Male Female Male Female Professional, Technical Related Workers 8. 4 12. 7 8. 9 13. 5 Administrative Managerial Workers 3. 9 1. 8 4. 7 2. 2 Clerical Related Workers 7. 5 17. 5 7. 1 17. 5 10. 5 11. 6 11. 1 12. 1 9. 4 14. 4 9. 5 17. 4 Agriculture Workers 21. 9 16. 6 20. 4 14. 8 Production Related Workers 38. 3 25. 4 38. 4 22. 6 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. Sales Related Workers Service Workers Total 20. 09 Various measures were undertaken to improve female participation in the labour market. The Employment Act 1955 was amended in 1998, which among others, provided for flexible working hours and empowered the Minister of Human Resources to make rules on statutory benefits to be paid to part-time workers proportionate to that of full-time employees. This amendment permitted women, especially housewives, to be gainfully employed in part-time employment, while allowing them the flexibility to meet their family obligations. In an effort to allow women in the public sector to care for their newborn and to encourage breastfeeding, as of May 1998, maternity leave up to 60 days was allowed for a maximum of up to five children. In addition, provisions for tax deductions were provided to employers for the establishment of child-care centres near or at the workplace. Employers were also encouraged to provide facilities such as proper housing, transport and healthcare for the benefit of rural migrants, the majority of whom were women. Educational Attainment 20. 0 An important factor that contributed towards the social and economic advancement of women was the huge investments in educational facilities 560 accompanied by the provision of equal access to educational opportunities. Female primary and secondary school enrolment in local public institutions reflected the gender ratio in the country. At the primary and secondary levels, enrolment of female students was about half of the total enrolment, while at the upper secondary level, female students accounted for about 66 per cent of total enrolment in 2000. Intake of female students into public universities expanded significantly from 50 per cent in 1995 to 55 per cent in 2000. 20. 11 With regard to preference for courses, female dominance in the arts streams continued to be prevalent accounting for 65 per cent of total enrolment in the arts and humanities courses in 2000. Females also made further inroads into science and technical courses. Female enrolment in the sciences in institutions of higher learning accounted for 60 per cent, while in the technical field it was 30 per cent in 2000. Skills and Entrepreneur Development 20. 12 Specific skills and entrepreneur training programmes were implemented to enable women to improve themselves and take advantage of the opportunities in the job market. In this regard, courses in areas such as business, organizational and financial management were implemented. Skills training programmes provided by the Centre for Instructor and Advanced Skills Training were expanded, resulting in an increase of 19. 4 per cent in the female enrolment between 1995 and 2000. 20. 3 With improved literacy and the changing needs of the rural community, courses that contributed towards the involvement of women in income-generating activities were also undertaken. Towards this end, extension services in the form of the provision of equipment, initial capital grants, advisory services and training in areas such as product processing, as well as leadership and motivation courses were conducted. 20. 14 Measures were undertaken to facilitate the involveme nt of women in business through the provision of easy access to capital. The Women Entrepreneurs Fund was established in 1998 with an allocation of RM10 million. A total of 12 projects amounting to RM9. 5 million was approved under the Fund. Through the Small Entrepreneur Fund, a total of about 6,000 women entrepreneurs obtained loans amounting to RM65 million. Chapter 20 561 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma 20. 15 Various women entrepreneur and industry associations were formed, generally to serve as a platform for women entrepreneurs to establish networks and exchange information and experiences as well as to conduct training programmes, seminars, and workshops on motivation, leadership and entrepreneur development. The Women’s Institute of Management (WIM) offered skills training courses, particularly in the area of entrepreneurship as well as operated an on-line network called WIMNET that provided database search facilities to businesswomen around the world. In addition, the Institute of Women’s Advancement, the Federation of Women Entrepreneurs Association and the Association for Bumiputera Women Entrepreneurs conducted courses and seminars in skills and entrepreneur development. A total of about 10,000 women benefited from these courses. Research and Development 20. 16 Women were actively involved in research and development activities during the Plan period. According to the 1998 National Survey of Research and Development, which covered research undertaken by government research institutions, institutions of higher learning and the private sector, women accounted for about a third of the total number of researchers with masters and bachelor degree qualifications, as shown in Table 20-4. In terms of research fields in the public sector, females were predominantly found in the medical and health and information sectors. TABLE 20-4 RD PERSONNEL BY GENDER AND QUALIFICATION, 1998 (%) Phd Masters Bachelor Non-Degree Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female GRI1 29. 2 8. 0 38. 0 16. 4 14. 6 8. 5 11. 8 9. 2 2 39. 8 15. 0 15. 0 14. 0 9. 7 9. 0 14. 0 19. 6 7. 0 1. 0 13. 0 3. 6 43. 2 15. 0 36. 8 8. 6 76. 0 24. 0 66. 0 34. 0 67. 5 32. 5 62. 6 37. 4 IHL Private Sector Total Notes: 1 Refers to Government Research Institutions 2 Refers to Institutions of Higher Learning 562 Health Status 20. 17 Women were equal recipients of the benefits of developments in the health sector. As such, the health status of women continued to register improvements during the Plan period. The average female life expectancy continued to improve from 74 years in 1995 to 74. 7 years in 2000 compared with 69. 3 years and 69. 9 years, respectively, for males. The maternal mortality rate, which is an indicator of the health status of women, remained low at 0. 2 per 1,000 live births during the Plan period. 20. 8 With the introduction of the Family Health Programme in 1996, women’s health was given emphasis from two perspectives, namely, the health of the family comprising maternal and child health, immunization, family planning, early detection of cancers and nutrition, as well as diseases affecting women with specific attention to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The maternal and chil d health programme, aimed at reducing maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, improving prenatal and antenatal healthcare and providing health and utrition education continued to be implemented. In addition, increased accessibility to safe delivery services contributed towards the achievement of a satisfactory maternal mortality rate. As a result, deliveries in the public sector health facilities increased from 85. 1 per cent in 1985 to 95. 3 per cent in 1999. Concerted efforts were also undertaken to widen the coverage of antenatal health care services resulting in 72 per cent of pregnant women having access to such services. The Government introduced the Nutrition Rehabilitation Programme for Pregnant Mothers in 1997 to further improve the health status of women through the provision of adequate nutrition, particularly women in the low-income group. 20. 19 With longer life expectancy and to ensure that women are healthy and remain healthy in their old age, health education programmes, seminars and workshops on healthy lifestyles, nutrition and the importance of regular medical examinations were introduced by the public and private sectors. In view of the fact that women, especially young women, are in the high-risk category in terms of vulnerability to AIDS, greater emphasis was given towards providing information on AIDS awareness and education. Despite these efforts, the percentage of women with HIV infection increased from 4. 3 per cent in 1995 to 5. 1 per cent in 1999. A programme, specifically for pregnant mothers infected with HIV, was also introduced at all antenatal clinics. Chapter 20 563 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma Poverty among Female-headed Households 20. 20 Recognizing that increasing poverty among women is a world-wide phenomenon, various efforts were undertaken by the Government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to reduce the incidence of poverty among women. These included the provision of micro-credit facilities to about 22,850 women through Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia to facilitate their involvement in small businesses and training programmes to assist single mothers to obtain employment. Despite these efforts, the incidence of poverty among female-headed households increased from 15. per cent or 585,688 households in 1997 to 16. 1 per cent or 588,554 households in 1999. Supportive Legislation 20. 21 During the period, efforts to further enhance the status of women continued to be undertaken. Existing regulations were reviewed and new ones enacted to protect the rights and dignity of women in both public and private life. In recognition of the importance of women’s contributio n to the labour force, the amendment of the Employment Act 1955 encouraged more women to join the labour force. With the increased participation of women in the labour force, the existence of a healthy working environment is crucial. Towards this end, in 1999 the Government introduced a code of ethics for the prevention of sexual harassment at the workplace. This code, although applicable to both men and women, contains specific provisions to protect women in the workplace. In addition, women taxpayers, whose husbands had no taxable income, were provided taxable relief similar to that available to a male taxpayer whose wife had no taxable income. 20. 2 To enhance the capability and capacity of syariah courts, including in the handling of issues pertaining to Muslim women, the Government initiated a review of the organization of syariah courts in the country. Consequently, the Department of Syariah Judiciary was established in 1997, among others, aimed at ensuring uniformity among states in the judgement of cases pertaining to Islamic Family Law. During the period, five states, namely, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Perlis, Pulau Pinang and Selangor as well as the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur implemented the Islamic Family Law. With this implementation, Muslim women were provided with better protection. 564 20. 23 Various efforts were undertaken to further protect the rights and dignity of women. The Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 and the Child Protection Act 1991 were reviewed and streamlined into the Child Act 2000. In addition, recognizing the role of women in caring for their families, the Guardianship of Infants Act 1961 was amended in 1999 to allow joint guardianship of children in matters relating to immigration and registration. In implementing this amendment, the Government, in 2000, also allowed mothers to sign all documents involving their underage children. National Machinery for the Advancement of Women 20. 24 The national machinery for the advancement of women in Malaysia comprises the Government, the private sector and NGOs, working in tandem towards the common objective of improving the status of women. Recognizing the need to further enhance the effectiveness of the national machinery, the Women’s Affairs Department at the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development was transferred to the Prime Minister’s Department in 1999. To enable more effective implementation of the National Policy for Women, the Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women was introduced to all public and private sector agencies to be used as a guide in the planning and implementation of development programmes. In addition, gender sensitization training programmes continued to be implemented in the public sector and similar programmes were initiated in the private sector. 20. 5 During the period, the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) continued to function as the coordinating, consultative and advisory body on women’s affairs by highlighting to the Government issues and concerns pertaining to women. Measures were also undertaken to institute links with the grassroot through the establishment of women service centres at the state level and women’s affairs consultative committees at the state and district levels. During the Plan period, centres were established in the States of Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Sabah and Selangor, which provided various services such as counselling, legal assistance and temporary shelter for women in need. The consultative committees monitored the implementation and impact of programmes and projects for women and provided the necessary feedback for improved project formulation and implementation. 20. 26 NGOs played an important role in complementing the efforts of the Government in advancing the status of women. In addition to organizing courses in family health, legal literacy, entrepreneurial development and parenting skills, Chapter 20 565 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma NGOs also implemented various activities to increase the knowledge and skills of women in the vocational and technical fields. Specific programmes were also introduced to assist single mothers in obtaining employment and caring for their families. NGOs also played the catalytic role in highlighting issues to further improve the status and rights of women. III. PROSPECTS, 2001-2005 20. 27 During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to be undertaken to further enhance the role, position and responsibilities of women so as to increase their participation and involvement in the social and economic life of the country. In implementing the Plan of Action for the Advancement of Women, the Government will continue to ensure that strategies and programmes implemented are consistent with Malaysian values, religious beliefs and cultural norms. 20. 8 Taking cognizance of the changes in the global environment and the need to adjust to these changes, efforts will be undertaken to provide women with the skills and knowledge to cope with the twin responsibilities of family and career. Towards this end, the strategic thrusts for the future advancement of women will be: t increasing female participation in the labour market; t providing more education and training opportunities for women to meet the demands of the knowledge-based economy and i mprove their upward mobility in the labour market; t enhancing women’s involvement in business; reviewing laws and regulations that inhibit the advancement of women; t improving further the health status of women; t reducing the incidence of poverty among female-headed households; t strengthening research activities to increase participation of women in development and enhance their well-being; and t strengthening the national machinery and the institutional capacity for the advancement of women. 566 Increasing Female Participation in the Labour Force 20. 29 Although women account for nearly half of the working age population, their participation in the labour force is relatively low. Various efforts will be undertaken to mobilize this available pool of resource, thus increasing the supply of labour and contributing towards enhancing the nation’s output. The private sector, being the largest employer, will be further encouraged to introduce the necessary support facilities such as establishing child-care centres as well as providing transportation and housing facilities for their women employees. In addition, the Employment Act 1955 will be amended to include new and flexible working arrangements such as teleworking, part-time work and job sharing, to enable women to integrate career with household duties. Providing More Education and Training Opportunities 20. 30 Women will be provided with more education and training opportunities to meet the demands of the knowledge-based economy as well as to facilitate their upward mobility into higher-paying occupations. To encourage more women to pursue non-traditional fields of study such as science, engineering and vocational and technical education, career counselling programmes will be implemented to provide information and instill greater awareness among female students and parents regarding career opportunities in the professional and technical fields. 0. 31 With the need to increase knowledge and skills as well as move towards higher capital intensity, there will be a greater demand for highly and multiskilled workers. Women will thus be provided with more training opportunities to acquire new and advanced skills relevant to the needs of the industry. In addition, in response to the rapid changes in technology that requires constant upgra ding of skills, women will be provided with increased opportunities for retraining. The private sector will also be encouraged to complement the efforts of the Government in providing more skills training opportunities for women, including in new technologies. 20. 32 Efforts will be undertaken to improve women’s access to information and communications technology (ICT). Formal and non-formal training in areas such as computer literacy and applications of ICT will be conducted jointly by the Government and NGOs, with special emphasis given to rural women. In addition, to enhance the effectiveness of the training programmes, efforts will be taken to ensure that software development is gender sensitive. Chapter 20 567 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma Enhancing Women’s Involvement in Business 20. 33 Efforts to enhance women’s involvement in business will continue to be undertaken. Training in business-related areas such as marketing, accounting, budgeting and planning will be implemented by the Government and NGOs. Programmes will be implemented to enable women entrepreneurs to be more competitive in terms of production, product quality and design as well as packaging and labelling. In addition, the utilization of ICT in business will be emphasized. The Government will also continue to provide funds under the Women Entrepreneurs Fund to enable more women to participate in business. Through the implementation of gender sensitive strategies, more opportunities will be provided to women to increase their participation and involvement in business ventures. Reviewing Laws and Regulations 20. 34 Existing laws and regulations will be reviewed to eliminate provisions that discriminate or have adverse effects on women. Legislation that will be reviewed includes those pertaining to family law and the distribution of property for non-Muslims. The Government will study the feasibility of establishing family courts with a view towards ensuring that issues pertaining to the family are discussed and decisions made in a more conducive environment. Efforts will also be undertaken to ensure the effective enforcement and speedy implementation of court decisions, including decisions of syariah courts, so as to provide for the protection and welfare of women. In addition, steps will continue to be taken to ensure the implementation of Islamic Family Law in the remaining states. Improving the Health Status 20. 5 Emphasis will continue to be given to promoting women’s health and that of their families. Through the family health programme, special attention will be given to HIV and sexually-transmitted infection prevention, family planning, as well as the identification of factors causing non-communicable diseases such as cancers, mental illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. In view of the fact that women have longer life expe ctancy and to ensure that women remain healthy in their old age, specific health education programmes including the promotion of healthy lifestyles and nutrition will continue to be implemented. 68 20. 36 Recognizing the peculiarities of illnesses confronting women, such as osteoporosis and those related to reproductive health, and in an effort to provide higher quality healthcare for women, the Government will establish a special hospital for women. This hospital will be the national referral centre for women’s health and well-being. In addition, research on various aspects of women’s health will be undertaken, with emphasis on biomedical, socio-behavioural and clinical research. Reducing the Incidence of Poverty among Female-headed Households 20. 7 In view of the increasing number of female-headed households and the rising incidence of poverty among them, efforts will be undertaken to ensure that these women have the capacity and capability to care for their families . Towards this end, research on the difficulties faced by women as head of households as well as the differing impacts of poverty on women and men will be undertaken to assist in the development of relevant programmes and projects. A special programme aimed at reducing the incidence of poverty among female-headed households will also be formulated to improve their quality of life as well as that of their families. Strengthening Research Activities 20. 38 During the Plan period, emphasis will be given to strengthening research in specific areas that will contribute towards increasing the participation of women in national development and enhancing their well-being. Research will be undertaken in areas such as the involvement of women in science and technology and ICT, the welfare of women in the informal sector, the role and status of women in the workplace, mobility of women in the labour force and remunerations received, women and mental health, and difficulties faced by women as head of households. Findings from these activities will assist in the formulation of policies and programmes that will further promote the advancement of women. Strengthening the National Machinery and the Institutional Capacity 20. 39 The establishment of the Ministry for Women and Family Development will provide greater focus on issues relating to women as well as ensure the effective implementation and coordination of programmes for women and families. Chapter 20 569 Malaysia Plan Ma laysia Plan Malay 8 sia Plan Malaysia Plan Malaysia Pl an Malaysia Plan Malaysia Plan Ma Consistent with the goals of the National Policy for Women, efforts will be undertaken to improve and strengthen the national machinery for the advancement of women. Towards this end, measures will be instituted to ensure greater coordination and collaboration in the implementation of activities for women. In addition, links with the grassroots will continue to be strengthened with the establishment of women service centres in the remaining 10 states. 20. 40 During the Plan period, various mechanisms will be instituted to enable women to participate in decision-making processes at all levels. This is to ensure the incorporation of the needs of women in the formulation of policies and the development of strategies and programmes for the further advancement of women. Gender analysis training and sensitization for policy-makers and planners and programme implementors will continue to be implemented in the public and private sectors. Greater efforts will also be undertaken to ensure the systematic collection and compilation of gender disaggregated data to facilitate analysis, create awareness and formulate appropriate and effective follow-up action on gender issues. IV. CONCLUSION 0. 41 With the provision of equal access to healthcare as well as educational and training programmes and improved employment opportunities, women made advancements in various fields of development. During the Eighth Plan period, efforts will continue to further enhance the status of women as equal partners in development. Towards this end, the Government will provide the enabling environment and su pportive mechanisms, including the implementation of gender sensitive programmes, to enable women to reach their full potential in the social and economic fields of development. 570 How to cite Role of Youth in Environment Protection, Papers

Capital Project Evaluation Worksheet

Questions: Assume PROJECT A requires an initial investment of $500,000 and has future benefits of $50,000, $250,000 and $350,000 in the following years. PROJECT B requires a $250,000 initial investment and has future benefits of $75,000, $75,000 $75,000 and $50,000. A return rate of 10% is required.1. What is the PAYBACK PERIOD for Projects A and B, respectively? Based on payback alone, which project would you recommend and why?2. What is the NPV for Projects A and B (separately)? Based on NPV alone, which project would you recommend and why?3. What is the IRR for Projects A and B (separately)? Based on IRR alone, which project would you recommend and why? Answers: 1. PAYBACK PERIOD PROJECT A 4.3 years PROJECT B 6 years It can be concluded that, Project A has less payback period while Project B has more payback period. Therefore, it can be said Project A is suitable as opting Project A, the initial cash outflow can be recovered quickly than investing in Project B. Therefore, Project A can assure return of money early. 2. NPV = PV of future cash flows minus initial investment Project A Project B PV Year 1 Cash Flow 45,455 68,182 PV Year 2 206,612 61,983 PV Year 3 262,960 56,349 PV Year 4 0 34,151 PV Year 5 0 0 PV Year 6 0 0 PV Year 7 0 0 PV Year 8 0 0 PV Year 9 0 0 PV Year 10 0 0 TOTAL PV of future cash flows 515,026 220,665 Minus initial investment -500,000 -250,000 Net Present Value 15,026 -29,335 From the above valuation of NPV, it can be observed that Project A can be more profitable in comparison to Project B. The Project A can be helpful in generating more income and it can be effective for covering of debts quickly. On the other hand, Project B cannot be taken as it will take away the money and lead to high losses. 3. Internal Rate of Return Project A 11.4% Project B 4.2% The Project A has to be recommended. As per the decision rule of IRR, the project that has higher IRR value, it should be selected. Therefore, at 11.4% IRR, Project As PV of future cash flow can become equal with initial investment of $500000. Thus, more money can be earned than actual cost which is totally different in case of Project B.

Elliot Ness Maisonscene Analysis Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Elliot Ness- Mais-on-scene Analysis Essay, Research Paper Mise-En-Scene Analysis The Untouchables Elliot Ness, a exchequer agent, has been seeking to halt intoxicant from being smuggled into the United States. He feels that the key to seting an terminal to the intoxicant distribution is to set mobster, Al Capone, behind bars. But there is a little job, Ness can? t seem to be able to associate the entrance intoxicant, or any other offense to Capone. Until, Oscar Wallace, the uptight, ? dorky? , authorities functionary, entered the image to assist Ness contend his conflict for prohibition, and finally, against Capone. Wallace discovered that Scarface hasn? T paid his revenue enhancements for several old ages, but the lone manner to turn out it is to acquire to Capone? s book keeper. Ness discovers that the book keeper will be traveling to the train station, so he along with co-worker George Stone intend to be at that place to pick him up when he arrives. We will write a custom essay sample on Elliot Ness Maisonscene Analysis Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scene starts in the train station. The scene is the chief anteroom. The floors, pillars, and stepss are of a light grey colour. There is a clock that is straight above the large, dark, wooden doors that are continuously reverted back to during the scene. The costumes of the chief characters in this scene are the same as throughout the film. Ness wears a light grey colored suit, hat, trench coat and tie. Rock is have oning a small darker colored, more insouciant, dressing with a tie and visible radiation colored hat. Al capones work forces were dressed likewise with trench coats and chapeaus of light colourss. Besides, the guiltless bystanders in this scene a re the crewmans in their suits, the adult female, with the babe in her guiltless raggy apparels, and all the other people in the scene who look as though they might be Capones work forces. The lighting in this scene is a small spot dull, but gets darker when Capone shoots his gun at certain points of the scene. The figure motion and looks in this scene are usually paced, excepting the adult female urgently fighting to acquire her babe passenger car up the stepss, until the gunshot starts. The scene turns into slow gesture and panic arises as the shot begins and the babe passenger car is released and easy starts falling down the steps. The female parents face is panicked and you can see her talking the words? My Baby? . Then you see the guiltless face of the babe and so the passenger car plumping to the underside of the stepss. The looks on Al capones work forces are uncaring and loony looking where as the looks of the bulls were determined looking. Besides, the book keepers face is really scared. The motion and looks of the bystanders are panicked with crewmans seeking to catch the babe and acquiring shooting. I feel that the slow gesture in this scene was for added suspense and the babe passenger car was to give a feeling of terror. I feel that the clock was intentionally in the image to allow the spectator feel Ness? s restlessness. I feel that the crewmans along with the babe passenger car were images of artlessness to do the viewer more scared. I besides feel that they had bystanders, looking like they could be Capone? s work forces, enter the image to do the viewer more suspense filled. .